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This is a searchable collection of scientific photos, illustrations, and videos. The images and videos in this gallery are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial ShareAlike 3.0. This license lets you remix, tweak, and build upon this work non-commercially, as long as you credit and license your new creations under identical terms.
3418: X-ray co-crystal structure of Src kinase bound to a DNA-templated macrocycle inhibitor 6
3418: X-ray co-crystal structure of Src kinase bound to a DNA-templated macrocycle inhibitor 6
X-ray co-crystal structure of Src kinase bound to a DNA-templated macrocycle inhibitor. Related to images 3413, 3414, 3415, 3416, 3417, and 3419.
Markus A. Seeliger, Stony Brook University Medical School and David R. Liu, Harvard University
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6930: Mouse brain 2
6930: Mouse brain 2
A mouse brain that was genetically modified so that subpopulations of its neurons glow. Researchers often study mice because they share many genes with people and can shed light on biological processes, development, and diseases in humans.
This image was captured using a light sheet microscope.
Related to image 6929 and video 6931.
This image was captured using a light sheet microscope.
Related to image 6929 and video 6931.
Prayag Murawala, MDI Biological Laboratory and Hannover Medical School.
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6489: CRISPR Illustration Frame 5
6489: CRISPR Illustration Frame 5
This illustration shows, in simplified terms, how the CRISPR-Cas9 system can be used as a gene-editing tool. This is the fifthframe in a series of five. The CRISPR system has two components joined together: a finely tuned targeting device (a small strand of RNA programmed to look for a specific DNA sequence) and a strong cutting device (an enzyme called Cas9 that can cut through a double strand of DNA). For an explanation and overview of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, see the NIGMS Biomedical Beat blog entry, Field Focus: Precision Gene Editing with CRISPR and the iBiology video, Genome Engineering with CRISPR-Cas9: Birth of a Breakthrough Technology.
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3492: Glowing bacteria make a pretty postcard
3492: Glowing bacteria make a pretty postcard
This tropical scene, reminiscent of a postcard from Key West, is actually a petri dish containing an artistic arrangement of genetically engineered bacteria. The image showcases eight of the fluorescent proteins created in the laboratory of the late Roger Y. Tsien, a cell biologist at the University of California, San Diego. Tsien, along with Osamu Shimomura of the Marine Biology Laboratory and Martin Chalfie of Columbia University, share the 2008 Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work on green fluorescent protein-a naturally glowing molecule from jellyfish that has become a powerful tool for studying molecules inside living cells.
Nathan C. Shaner, The Scintillon Institute
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3481: Bacillus anthracis being killed
3481: Bacillus anthracis being killed
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) cells being killed by a fluorescent trans-translation inhibitor, which disrupts bacterial protein synthesis. The inhibitor is naturally fluorescent and looks blue when it is excited by ultraviolet light in the microscope. This is a black-and-white version of Image 3525.
John Alumasa, Keiler Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University
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3275: Human embryonic stem cells on feeder cells
3275: Human embryonic stem cells on feeder cells
The nuclei stained green highlight human embryonic stem cells grown under controlled conditions in a laboratory. Blue represents the DNA of surrounding, supportive feeder cells. Image and caption information courtesy of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. See related image 3724.
Julie Baker lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, via CIRM
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7015: Bacterial cells migrating through the tissues of the squid light organ
7015: Bacterial cells migrating through the tissues of the squid light organ
Vibrio fischeri cells (~ 2 mm), labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP), passing through a very narrow bottleneck in the tissues (red) of the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, on the way to the crypts where the symbiont population resides. This image was taken using a confocal fluorescence microscope.
Margaret J. McFall-Ngai, Carnegie Institution for Science/California Institute of Technology, and Edward G. Ruby, California Institute of Technology.
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3329: Spreading Cells- 02
3329: Spreading Cells- 02
Cells move forward with lamellipodia and filopodia supported by networks and bundles of actin filaments. Proper, controlled cell movement is a complex process. Recent research has shown that an actin-polymerizing factor called the Arp2/3 complex is the key component of the actin polymerization engine that drives amoeboid cell motility. ARPC3, a component of the Arp2/3 complex, plays a critical role in actin nucleation. In this photo, the ARPC3-/- fibroblast cells were fixed and stained with Alexa 546 phalloidin for F-actin (red), Arp2 (green), and DAPI to visualize the nucleus (blue). Arp2, a subunit of the Arp2/3 complex, is absent in the filopodi-like structures based leading edge of ARPC3-/- fibroblasts cells. Related to images 3328, 3330, 3331, 3332, and 3333.
Rong Li and Praveen Suraneni, Stowers Institute for Medical Research
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1178: Cultured cells
1178: Cultured cells
This image of laboratory-grown cells was taken with the help of a scanning electron microscope, which yields detailed images of cell surfaces.
Tina Weatherby Carvalho, University of Hawaii at Manoa
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6766: Ribbon diagram of a cefotaxime-CCD-1 complex
6766: Ribbon diagram of a cefotaxime-CCD-1 complex
CCD-1 is an enzyme produced by the bacterium Clostridioides difficile that helps it resist antibiotics. Using X-ray crystallography, researchers determined the structure of a CCD-1 molecule and a molecule of the antibiotic cefotaxime bound together. The structure revealed that CCD-1 provides extensive hydrogen bonding and stabilization of the antibiotic in the active site, leading to efficient degradation of the antibiotic.
Related to images 6764, 6765, and 6767.
Related to images 6764, 6765, and 6767.
Keith Hodgson, Stanford University.
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3360: H1 histamine receptor
3360: H1 histamine receptor
The receptor is shown bound to an inverse agonist, doxepin.
Raymond Stevens, The Scripps Research Institute
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1337: Bicycling cell
1337: Bicycling cell
A humorous treatment of the concept of a cycling cell.
Judith Stoffer
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1013: Lily mitosis 03
1013: Lily mitosis 03
A light microscope image of a cell from the endosperm of an African globe lily (Scadoxus katherinae). This is one frame of a time-lapse sequence that shows cell division in action. The lily is considered a good organism for studying cell division because its chromosomes are much thicker and easier to see than human ones. Staining shows microtubules in red and chromosomes in blue.
Related to images 1010, 1011, 1012, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, and 1021.
Related to images 1010, 1011, 1012, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, and 1021.
Andrew S. Bajer, University of Oregon, Eugene
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3521: HeLa cells
3521: HeLa cells
Multiphoton fluorescence image of HeLa cells stained with the actin binding toxin phalloidin (red), microtubules (cyan) and cell nuclei (blue). Nikon RTS2000MP custom laser scanning microscope. See related images 3518, 3519, 3520, 3522.
National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research (NCMIR)
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6774: Endoplasmic reticulum abnormalities 2
6774: Endoplasmic reticulum abnormalities 2
Human cells with the gene that codes for the protein FIT2 deleted. After an experimental intervention, they are expressing a nonfunctional version of FIT2, shown in green. The lack of functional FIT2 affected the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the nonfunctional protein clustered in ER membrane aggregates, seen as large bright-green spots. Lipid droplets are shown in red, and the nucleus is visible in gray. This image was captured using a confocal microscope. Related to image 6773.
Michel Becuwe, Harvard University.
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2733: Early development in Arabidopsis
2733: Early development in Arabidopsis
Early on, this Arabidopsis plant embryo picks sides: While one end will form the shoot, the other will take root underground. Short pieces of RNA in the bottom half (blue) make sure that shoot-forming genes are expressed only in the embryo's top half (green), eventually allowing a seedling to emerge with stems and leaves. Like animals, plants follow a carefully orchestrated polarization plan and errors can lead to major developmental defects, such as shoots above and below ground. Because the complex gene networks that coordinate this development in plants and animals share important similarities, studying polarity in Arabidopsis--a model organism--could also help us better understand human development.
Zachery R. Smith, Jeff Long lab at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies
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6767: Space-filling model of a cefotaxime-CCD-1 complex
6767: Space-filling model of a cefotaxime-CCD-1 complex
CCD-1 is an enzyme produced by the bacterium Clostridioides difficile that helps it resist antibiotics. Using X-ray crystallography, researchers determined the structure of a complex between CCD-1 and the antibiotic cefotaxime (purple, yellow, and blue molecule). The structure revealed that CCD-1 provides extensive hydrogen bonding (shown as dotted lines) and stabilization of the antibiotic in the active site, leading to efficient degradation of the antibiotic.
Related to images 6764, 6765, and 6766.
Related to images 6764, 6765, and 6766.
Keith Hodgson, Stanford University.
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3678: STORM image of axonal cytoskeleton
3678: STORM image of axonal cytoskeleton
This image shows the long, branched structures (axons) of nerve cells. Running horizontally across the middle of the photo is an axon wrapped in rings made of actin protein (green), which plays important roles in nerve cells. The image was captured with a powerful microscopy technique that allows scientists to see single molecules in living cells in real time. The technique is called stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). It is based on technology so revolutionary that its developers earned the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. More information about this image can be found in: K. Xu, G. Zhong, X. Zhuang. Actin, spectrin and associated proteins form a periodic cytoskeleton structure in axons. Science 339, 452-456 (2013).
Xiaowei Zhuang Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University
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1083: Natcher Building 03
1083: Natcher Building 03
NIGMS staff are located in the Natcher Building on the NIH campus.
Alisa Machalek, National Institute of General Medical Sciences
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2571: VDAC video 02
2571: VDAC video 02
This video shows the structure of the pore-forming protein VDAC-1 from humans. This molecule mediates the flow of products needed for metabolism--in particular the export of ATP--across the outer membrane of mitochondria, the power plants for eukaryotic cells. VDAC-1 is involved in metabolism and the self-destruction of cells--two biological processes central to health.
Related to videos 2570 and 2572.
Related to videos 2570 and 2572.
Gerhard Wagner, Harvard Medical School
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3740: Transmission electron microscopy showing cross-section of the node of Ranvier
3740: Transmission electron microscopy showing cross-section of the node of Ranvier
Nodes of Ranvier are short gaps in the myelin sheath surrounding myelinated nerve cells (axons). Myelin insulates axons, and the node of Ranvier is where the axon is exposed to the extracellular environment, allowing for the transmission of action potentials at these nodes via ion flows between the inside and outside of the axon. The image shows a cross-section through the node, with the surrounding extracellular matrix encasing and supporting the axon shown in cyan.
Tom Deerinck, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research (NCMIR)
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6999: HIV enzyme
6999: HIV enzyme
These images model the molecular structures of three enzymes with critical roles in the life cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). At the top, reverse transcriptase (orange) creates a DNA copy (yellow) of the virus's RNA genome (blue). In the middle image, integrase (magenta) inserts this DNA copy in the DNA genome (green) of the infected cell. At the bottom, much later in the viral life cycle, protease (turquoise) chops up a chain of HIV structural protein (purple) to generate the building blocks for making new viruses. See these enzymes in action on PDB 101’s video A Molecular View of HIV Therapy.
Amy Wu and Christine Zardecki, RCSB Protein Data Bank.
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2526: Activation energy (with labels)
2526: Activation energy (with labels)
To become products, reactants must overcome an energy hill. See image 2525 for an unlabeled version of this illustration. Featured in The Chemistry of Health.
Crabtree + Company
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1086: Natcher Building 06
1086: Natcher Building 06
NIGMS staff are located in the Natcher Building on the NIH campus.
Alisa Machalek, National Institute of General Medical Sciences
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2330: Repairing DNA
2330: Repairing DNA
Like a watch wrapped around a wrist, a special enzyme encircles the double helix to repair a broken strand of DNA. Without molecules that can mend such breaks, cells can malfunction, die, or become cancerous. Related to image 3493.
Tom Ellenberger, Washington University School of Medicine
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2535: Kinases (with labels)
2535: Kinases (with labels)
Kinases are enzymes that add phosphate groups (red-yellow structures) to proteins (green), assigning the proteins a code. In this reaction, an intermediate molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphate) donates a phosphate group from itself, becoming ADP (adenosine diphosphate). See image 2534 for an unlabeled version of this illustration. Featured in Medicines By Design.
Crabtree + Company
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3408: Kluyveromyces polysporus Argonaute bound to guide RNA
3408: Kluyveromyces polysporus Argonaute bound to guide RNA
A segment of siRNA, shown in red, guides a "slicer" protein called Argonaute (multi-colored twists and corkscrews) to the target RNA molecules.
Kotaro Nakanishi and David Weinberg, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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6772: Yeast cells responding to a glucose shortage
6772: Yeast cells responding to a glucose shortage
These yeast cells were exposed to a glucose (sugar) shortage. This caused the cells to compartmentalize HMGCR (green)—an enzyme involved in making cholesterol—to a patch on the nuclear envelope next to the vacuole/lysosome (purple). This process enhanced HMGCR activity and helped the yeast adapt to the glucose shortage. Researchers hope that understanding how yeast regulate cholesterol could ultimately lead to new ways to treat high cholesterol in people. This image was captured using a fluorescence microscope.
Mike Henne, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
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6582: Group of fluorescent C. elegans showing muscle and ribosomal protein
6582: Group of fluorescent C. elegans showing muscle and ribosomal protein
Three C. elegans, tiny roundworms, with a ribosomal protein glowing red and muscle fibers glowing green. Researchers used these worms to study a molecular pathway that affects aging. The ribosomal protein is involved in protein translation and may play a role in dietary restriction-induced longevity. Image created using confocal microscopy.
View single roundworm here 6581.
View closeup of roundworms here 6583.
View single roundworm here 6581.
View closeup of roundworms here 6583.
Jarod Rollins, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory.
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3689: Computer sketch of bird-and-flower DNA origami
3689: Computer sketch of bird-and-flower DNA origami
A computer-generated sketch of a DNA origami folded into a flower-and-bird structure. See also related image 3690.
Hao Yan, Arizona State University
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3362: Sphingolipid S1P1 receptor
3362: Sphingolipid S1P1 receptor
The receptor is shown bound to an antagonist, ML056.
Raymond Stevens, The Scripps Research Institute
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3498: Wound healing in process
3498: Wound healing in process
Wound healing requires the action of stem cells. In mice that lack the Sept2/ARTS gene, stem cells involved in wound healing live longer and wounds heal faster and more thoroughly than in normal mice. This confocal microscopy image from a mouse lacking the Sept2/ARTS gene shows a tail wound in the process of healing. See more information in the article in Science.
Related to images 3497 and 3500.
Related to images 3497 and 3500.
Hermann Steller, Rockefeller University
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5855: Dense tubular matrices in the peripheral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1
5855: Dense tubular matrices in the peripheral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1
Superresolution microscopy work on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the peripheral areas of the cell showing details of the structure and arrangement in a complex web of tubes. The ER is a continuous membrane that extends like a net from the envelope of the nucleus outward to the cell membrane. The ER plays several roles within the cell, such as in protein and lipid synthesis and transport of materials between organelles. The ER has a flexible structure to allow it to accomplish these tasks by changing shape as conditions in the cell change. Shown here an image created by super-resolution microscopy of the ER in the peripheral areas of the cell showing details of the structure and the arrangements in a complex web of tubes. Related to images 5856 and 5857.
Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Virginia
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6810: Fruit fly ovarioles
6810: Fruit fly ovarioles
Three fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) ovarioles (yellow, blue, and magenta) with egg cells visible inside them. Ovarioles are tubes in the reproductive systems of female insects. Egg cells form at one end of an ovariole and complete their development as they reach the other end, as shown in the yellow wild-type ovariole. This process requires an important protein that is missing in the blue and magenta ovarioles. This image was created using confocal microscopy.
More information on the research that produced this image can be found in the Current Biology paper “Gatekeeper function for Short stop at the ring canals of the Drosophila ovary” by Lu et al.
More information on the research that produced this image can be found in the Current Biology paper “Gatekeeper function for Short stop at the ring canals of the Drosophila ovary” by Lu et al.
Vladimir I. Gelfand, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University.
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3599: Skin cell (keratinocyte)
3599: Skin cell (keratinocyte)
This normal human skin cell was treated with a growth factor that triggered the formation of specialized protein structures that enable the cell to move. We depend on cell movement for such basic functions as wound healing and launching an immune response.
This image was part of the Life: Magnified exhibit that ran from June 3, 2014, to January 21, 2015, at Dulles International Airport.
This image was part of the Life: Magnified exhibit that ran from June 3, 2014, to January 21, 2015, at Dulles International Airport.
Torsten Wittmann, University of California, San Francisco
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2578: Cellular aging
2578: Cellular aging
A protein called tubulin (green) accumulates in the center of a nucleus (outlined in pink) from an aging cell. Normally, this protein is kept out of the nucleus with the help of gatekeepers known as nuclear pore complexes. But NIGMS-funded researchers found that wear and tear to long-lived components of the complexes eventually lowers the gatekeepers' guard. As a result, cytoplasmic proteins like tubulin gain entry to the nucleus while proteins normally confined to the nucleus seep out. The work suggests that finding ways to stop the leakage could slow the cellular aging process and possibly lead to new therapies for age-related diseases.
Maximiliano D'Angelo and Martin Hetzer, Salk Institute
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3725: Fluorescent microscopy of kidney tissue--close-up
3725: Fluorescent microscopy of kidney tissue--close-up
This photograph of kidney tissue, taken using fluorescent light microscopy, shows a close-up view of part of image 3723. Kidneys filter the blood, removing waste and excessive fluid, which is excreted in urine. The filtration system is made up of components that include glomeruli (for example, the round structure taking up much of the image's center is a glomerulus) and tubules (seen in cross-section here with their inner lining stained green). Related to image 3675 .
Tom Deerinck , National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research
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3633: Cells lining the blood vessel walls
3633: Cells lining the blood vessel walls
The structure of the endothelium, the thin layer of cells that line our arteries and veins, is visible here. The endothelium is like a gatekeeper, controlling the movement of materials into and out of the bloodstream. Endothelial cells are held tightly together by specialized proteins that function like strong ropes (red) and others that act like cement (blue).
This image was part of the Life: Magnified exhibit that ran from June 3, 2014, to January 21, 2015, at Dulles International Airport.
This image was part of the Life: Magnified exhibit that ran from June 3, 2014, to January 21, 2015, at Dulles International Airport.
Christopher V. Carman and Roberta Martinelli, Harvard Medical School.
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3326: Cytochrome structure with anticancer drug
3326: Cytochrome structure with anticancer drug
This image shows the structure of the CYP17A1 enzyme (ribbons colored from blue N-terminus to red C-terminus), with the associated heme colored black. The prostate cancer drug abiraterone is colored gray. Cytochrome P450 enzymes bind to and metabolize a variety of chemicals, including drugs. Cytochrome P450 17A1 also helps create steroid hormones. Emily Scott's lab is studying how CYP17A1 could be selectively inhibited to treat prostate cancer. She and graduate student Natasha DeVore elucidated the structure shown using X-ray crystallography. Dr. Scott created the image (both white bg and transparent bg) for the NIGMS image gallery. See the "Medium-Resolution Image" for a PNG version of the image that is transparent.
Emily Scott, University of Kansas
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3252: Neural circuits in worms similar to those in humans
3252: Neural circuits in worms similar to those in humans
Green and yellow fluorescence mark the processes and cell bodies of some C. elegans neurons. Researchers have found that the strategies used by this tiny roundworm to control its motions are remarkably similar to those used by the human brain to command movement of our body parts. From a November 2011 University of Michigan news release.
Shawn Xu, University of Michigan
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3251: Spinal nerve cells
3251: Spinal nerve cells
Neurons (green) and glial cells from isolated dorsal root ganglia express COX-2 (red) after exposure to an inflammatory stimulus (cell nuclei are blue). Lawrence Marnett and colleagues have demonstrated that certain drugs selectively block COX-2 metabolism of endocannabinoids -- naturally occurring analgesic molecules -- in stimulated dorsal root ganglia. Featured in the October 20, 2011 issue of Biomedical Beat.
Lawrence Marnett, Vanderbilt University
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2400: Pig trypsin (1)
2400: Pig trypsin (1)
A crystal of porcine trypsin protein created for X-ray crystallography, which can reveal detailed, three-dimensional protein structures.
Alex McPherson, University of California, Irvine
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3387: NCMIR human spinal nerve
3387: NCMIR human spinal nerve
Spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system. They run within the spinal column to carry nerve signals to and from all parts of the body. The spinal nerves enable all the movements we do, from turning our heads to wiggling our toes, control the movements of our internal organs, such as the colon and the bladder, as well as allow us to feel touch and the location of our limbs.
Tom Deerinck, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research (NCMIR)
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3518: HeLa cells
3518: HeLa cells
Scanning electron micrograph of just-divided HeLa cells. Zeiss Merlin HR-SEM. See related images 3519, 3520, 3521, 3522.
National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research
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2550: Introns
2550: Introns
Genes are often interrupted by stretches of DNA (introns, blue) that do not contain instructions for making a protein. The DNA segments that do contain protein-making instructions are known as exons (green). See image 2551 for a labeled version of this illustration. Featured in The New Genetics.
Crabtree + Company
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6584: Cell-like compartments from frog eggs
6584: Cell-like compartments from frog eggs
Cell-like compartments that spontaneously emerged from scrambled frog eggs, with nuclei (blue) from frog sperm. Endoplasmic reticulum (red) and microtubules (green) are also visible. Image created using epifluorescence microscopy.
For more photos of cell-like compartments from frog eggs view: 6585, 6586, 6591, 6592, and 6593.
For videos of cell-like compartments from frog eggs view: 6587, 6588, 6589, and 6590.
Xianrui Cheng, Stanford University School of Medicine.
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6997: Shiga toxin
6997: Shiga toxin
E. coli bacteria normally live harmlessly in our intestines, but some cause disease by making toxins. One of these toxins, called Shiga toxin (green), inactivates host ribosomes (purple) by mimicking their normal binding partners, the EF-Tu elongation factor (red) complexed with Phe-tRNAPhe (orange).
Find these in the RCSB Protein Data Bank: Shiga toxin 2 (PDB entry 7U6V) and Phe-tRNA (PDB entry 1TTT).
More information about this work can be found in the J. Biol. Chem. paper "Cryo-EM structure of Shiga toxin 2 in complex with the native ribosomal P-stalk reveals residues involved in the binding interaction" by Kulczyk et. al.
Find these in the RCSB Protein Data Bank: Shiga toxin 2 (PDB entry 7U6V) and Phe-tRNA (PDB entry 1TTT).
More information about this work can be found in the J. Biol. Chem. paper "Cryo-EM structure of Shiga toxin 2 in complex with the native ribosomal P-stalk reveals residues involved in the binding interaction" by Kulczyk et. al.
Amy Wu and Christine Zardecki, RCSB Protein Data Bank.
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2435: Developing fruit fly nerve cord
2435: Developing fruit fly nerve cord
The glial cells (black dots) and nerve cells (brown bands) in this developing fruit fly nerve cord formed normally despite the absence of the SPITZ protein, which blocks their impending suicide. The HID protein, which triggers suicide, is also lacking in this embryo.
Hermann Steller, Rockefeller University
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6613: Circadian rhythms and the SCN
6613: Circadian rhythms and the SCN
Circadian rhythms are physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a 24-hour cycle. Circadian rhythms are influenced by light and regulated by the brain’s suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), sometimes referred to as a master clock. Learn more in NIGMS’ circadian rhythms fact sheet. See 6614 for the Spanish version of this infographic.
NIGMS
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