NIGMS-Supported Nobelists

Fact Sheet: NIGMS-Supported Nobelists

Crossword Puzzle: Test Your Nobel Knowledge

Name
YearFieldCitationAnnouncement
Frances H. Arnold & George P. Smith2018ChemistryFor the directed evolution of enzymes and for the phage display of peptides and antibodies https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-grantees-win-2018-nobel-prize-chemistry
Joachim Frank2017Chemistry For developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-grantee-wins-2017-nobel-prize-chemistry
Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, & Michael W. Young2017Physiology or MedicineFor their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-grantees-win-2017-nobel-prize-physiology-or-medicine
Paul Modrich & Aziz Sancar2015Chemistry For mechanistic studies of DNA repair http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/20151007.aspx
William E. Moerner2014Chemistry For the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/20141008.aspx
Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt & Arieh Warshel2013ChemistryFor the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/20131024
James E. Rothman & Randy W. Schekman2013Physiology
or
Medicine 		For their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/20131024
Brian K. Kobilka2012ChemistryFor studies of G-protein-coupled receptors http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/20121010.htm 
Ei-ichi Negishi2010ChemistryFor palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/nobelprize_101006.htm
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz & Ada E. Yonath2009ChemistryFor studies of the structure and function of the ribosome http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/nobel_20091007a.htm
Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider & Jack W. Szostak2009Physiology
or
Medicine		For the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/nobel20091005.htm
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie & Roger Y. Tsien2008ChemistryFor the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/nobel_chemistry20081008.htm
Mario R. Capecchi & Oliver Smithies2007Physiology
or
Medicine		For the discovery of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/10082007c.htm
Roger D. Kornberg2006ChemistryFor his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/10042006_nobel2.htm
Andrew Z. Fire & Craig C. Mello2006Physiology
or
Medicine		For the discovery of RNA interference—gene silencing by double-stranded RNA http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Nobels/
pages/10022006_nobel2.htm
Robert H. Grubbs & Richard R. Schrock2005ChemistryFor the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis [a chemical reaction for making carbon-carbon bonds] https://nihrecord.nih.gov/newsletters/
2005/10_21_2005/story10.htm
Avram Hershko & Irwin Rose2004ChemistryFor the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradationhttp://www.nih.gov/news/pr/oct2004/od-06.htm
Paul C. Lauterbur2003Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/Nobel_Medicine_2003.htm
Roderick MacKinnon2003ChemistryFor discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [specifically, for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels] http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/Nobel_Chemistry_2003.htm
H. Robert Horvitz2002Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death https://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
Pages/NIHGranteeHRobertHorvitzWins.aspx
John B. Fenn2002ChemistryFor the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [specifically, for techniquesin mass spectrometry] http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/NIGMSGranteeJohnFennWins
NobelPrize.htm
Leland H. Hartwell2001Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/NIHGranteeLelandHartwellWinsNobel
PrizeBreakthroughsUnderstanding.htm
K. Barry Sharpless2001ChemistryFor work on chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions [a technique to selectively control the outcome of chemical reactions] http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
pages/NIGMSGranteeKBarrySharplessWins
NobelPrizeAdvances.htm
Eric R. Kandel2000Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system https://nihrecord.nih.gov/newsletters/
10_31_2000/story03.htm
Günter Blobel1999Physiology
or
Medicine		For the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell https://nihrecord.nih.gov/newsletters/
11_02_99/story04.htm
John A. Pople1998ChemistryFor development of computational methods in quantum chemistry http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1998/press.html Link to external Web site
Paul D. Boyer1997ChemistryFor elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) https://nihrecord.nih.gov/newsletters/
11_04_97/story06.htm
Stanley B. Prusiner1997Physiology
or
Medicine		For discovery of prions—a new biological principle of infection https://nihrecord.nih.gov/newsletters/
11_04_97/story06.htm
Edward B. Lewis1995Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1995/press.html Link to external Web site
George A. Olah1994ChemistryFor contributions to carbocation chemistry http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1994/press.html Link to external Web site
Alfred G. Gilman1994Physiology
or
Medicine		For discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1994/press.html Link to external Web site
Kary B. Mullis1993ChemistryFor contributions to the developments of methods within DNA- based chemistry [specifically, for his invention of the polymerasechain reaction (PCR) method] http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1993/press.html Link to external Web site
Michael Smith1993ChemistryFor contributions to the development of methods within DNA-based chemistry [specifically, for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies] http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1993/press.html Link to external Web site
Richard J. Roberts & Phillip A. Sharp1993Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries of split-genes http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1993/press.html Link to external Web site
Edmond H. Fischer & Edwin G. Krebs1992Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1992/press.html Link to external Web site
Elias J. Corey1990ChemistryFor development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1990/press.html Link to external Web site
Sidney Altman & Thomas R. Cech1989ChemistryFor discovery of catalytic properties of RNA http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1989/press.html Link to external Web site
Donald J. Cram1987 ChemistryFor development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1987/press.html Link to external Web site
Stanley Cohen1986Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries of growth factors http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1986/press.html Link to external Web site
Herbert A. Hauptman1985ChemistryFor outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1985/press.html Link to external Web site
Michael S. Brown & Joseph L. Goldstein1985Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1985/press.html Link to external Web site
Henry Taube1983ChemistryFor work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1983/press.html Link to external Web site
John R. Vane1982Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1982/press.html Link to external Web site
Roald Hoffmann1981ChemistryFor theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1981/press.html Link to external Web site
David H. Hubel1981Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1981/press.html Link to external Web site
Paul Berg1980ChemistryFor fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1980/press.html Link to external Web site
Walter Gilbert1980ChemistryFor contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1980/press.html Link to external Web site
Herbert C. Brown 1979ChemistryFor development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1979/press.html Link to external Web site
Daniel Nathans & Hamilton O. Smith1978Physiology
or
Medicine		For the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1978/press.html Link to external Web site
Andrew V. Schally1977Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1977/press.html Link to external Web site
William N. Lipscomb1976ChemistryFor studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1976/press.html Link to external Web site
Christian de Duve & George E. Palade1974Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1974/press.html Link to external Web site
Stanford Moore & William H. Stein1972ChemistryFor contributions to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active center of the ribonuclease molecule http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1972/press.html Link to external Web site
Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.1971Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1971/press.html Link to external Web site
Luis F. Leloir1970ChemistryFor discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydratesNobel Prize Web site: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1970/press.html Link to external Web site
Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey & Salvador E. Luria1969Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1969/press.html Link to external Web site
Lars Onsager1968ChemistryFor the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processesNobel Prize Web site: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1968/press.html Link to external Web site
Robert W. Holley & H. Gobind Khorana1968Physiology
or
Medicine		For interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesisNobel Prize Web site: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1968/press.html Link to external Web site
Charles B. Huggins1966Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancerNobel Prize Web site: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1968/press.html Link to external Web site
Robert B. Woodward1965ChemistryFor outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesisNobel Prize Web site: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1965/press.html Link to external Web site
Konrad Bloch1964Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of thecholesterol and fatty acid metabolismNobel Prize Web site: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1964/press.html Link to external Web site
James D. Watson1962Physiology
or
Medicine		For discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living materialNobel Prize Web site: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1962/press.html Link to external Web site
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