NIGMS-Supported Nobelists

Fact Sheet: NIGMS-Supported Nobelists

Crossword Puzzle: Test Your Nobel Knowledge | Accessible Version

Name

Year

Field

Citation

News Release

Brian K. Kobilka

2012

Chemistry

For studies of G-protein-coupled receptors

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
20121010.htm

Ei-ichi Negishi

2010

Chemistry

For palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
nobelprize_101006.htm

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz & Ada E. Yonath

2009

Chemistry

For studies of the structure and function of the ribosome

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
nobel_20091007a.htm

Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider & Jack W. Szostak

2009

Physiology
or
Medicine

For the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
nobel20091005.htm

Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie & Roger Y. Tsien

2008

Chemistry

For the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
nobel_chemistry20081008.htm

Mario R. Capecchi & Oliver Smithies

2007

Physiology
or
Medicine

For the discovery of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
10082007c.htm

Roger D. Kornberg

2006

Chemistry

For his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
10042006_nobel2.htm

Andrew Z. Fire & Craig C. Mello

2006

Physiology
or
Medicine

For the discovery of RNA interference—gene silencing by double-stranded RNA

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Nobels/
10022006_nobel2.htm

Robert H. Grubbs & Richard R. Schrock

2005

Chemistry

For the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis [a chemical reaction for making carbon-carbon bonds]

http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/oct2005/od-05.htm

Avram Hershko & Irwin Rose

2004

Chemistry

For the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation

http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/oct2004/od-06.htm

Paul C. Lauterbur

2003

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
Nobel_Medicine_2003.htm

Roderick MacKinnon

2003

Chemistry

For discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [specifically, for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels]

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
Nobel_Chemistry_2003.htm

H. Robert Horvitz

2002

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
NIHGranteeHRobertHorvitzWins.htm

John B. Fenn

2002

Chemistry

For the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [specifically, for techniquesin mass spectrometry]

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
NIGMSGranteeJohnFennWins
NobelPrize.htm

Leland H. Hartwell

2001

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
NIHGranteeLelandHartwellWinsNobel
PrizeBreakthroughsUnderstanding.htm

K. Barry Sharpless

2001

Chemistry

For work on chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions [a technique to selectively control the outcome of chemical reactions]

http://www.nigms.nih.gov/News/Results/
NIGMSGranteeKBarrySharplessWins
NobelPrizeAdvances.htm

Eric R. Kandel

2000

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system

http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/oct2000/od-09.htm

Günter Blobel

1999

Physiology
or
Medicine

For the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell

http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/oct99/nigms-11.htm

John A. Pople

1998

Chemistry

For development of computational methods in quantum chemistry

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1998/press.html

Paul D. Boyer

1997

Chemistry

For elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/oct97/nigms-15.htm

Stanley B. Prusiner

1997

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discovery of prions—a new biological principle of infection

http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/oct97/ninds-06.htm

Edward B. Lewis

1995

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1995/press.html

George A. Olah

1994

Chemistry

For contributions to carbocation chemistry

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1994/press.html

Alfred G. Gilman

1994

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1994/press.html

Kary B. Mullis

1993

Chemistry

For contributions to the developments of methods within DNA- based chemistry [specifically, for his invention of the polymerasechain reaction (PCR) method]

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1993/press.html

Michael Smith

1993

Chemistry

For contributions to the development of methods within DNA-based chemistry [specifically, for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies]

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1993/press.html

Richard J. Roberts & Phillip A. Sharp

1993

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries of split-genes

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1993/press.html

Edmond H. Fischer & Edwin G. Krebs

1992

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1992/press.html

Elias J. Corey

1990

Chemistry

For development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1990/press.html

Sidney Altman & Thomas R. Cech

1989

Chemistry

For discovery of catalytic properties of RNA

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1989/press.html

Donald J. Cram

1987

Chemistry

For development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1987/press.html

Stanley Cohen

1986

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries of growth factors

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1986/press.html

Herbert A. Hauptman

1985

Chemistry

For outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1985/press.html

Michael S. Brown & Joseph L. Goldstein

1985

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1985/press.html

Henry Taube

1983

Chemistry

For work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1983/press.html

John R. Vane

1982

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1982/press.html

Roald Hoffmann

1981

Chemistry

For theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1981/press.html

David H. Hubel

1981

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1981/press.html

Paul Berg

1980

Chemistry

For fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1980/press.html

Walter Gilbert

1980

Chemistry

For contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1980/press.html

Herbert C. Brown

1979

Chemistry

For development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1979/press.html

Daniel Nathans & Hamilton O. Smith

1978

Physiology
or
Medicine

For the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1978/press.html

Andrew V. Schally

1977

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1977/press.html

William N. Lipscomb

1976

Chemistry

For studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1976/press.html

Christian de Duve & George E. Palade

1974

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1974/press.html

Stanford Moore & William H. Stein

1972

Chemistry

For contributions to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active center of the ribonuclease molecule

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1972/press.html

Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.

1971

Physiology
or
Medicine

For discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
medicine/laureates/1971/press.html

Luis F. Leloir

1970

Chemistry

For discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates

Nobel Prize Web site: http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
chemistry/laureates/1970/press.html

Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey & Salvador E. Luria